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The N type carriages are an intercity passenger carriage used on the railways of Victoria, Australia. They were introduced between 1981 and 1984 as part of the 'New Deal' reforms of country passenger rail services. Today there are seen on both V/Line long distance InterCity services, as well as shorter InterUrban services. The carriage sets have both first class 2+2 seating, and 2+3 economy seating. Snack bar facilities are also provided on board. Originally delivered as 3-car sets, some sets were extended in length with S and Z type carriages. Today the carriages are normally hauled by N class diesel locomotives. The carriages can use an external head end power supply for lighting and air conditioning operation, or an internal generator set. Each carriage has two swing doors per side, which were originally manually opened by passengers, but have since been converted to powered operation by the conductor. Toilets, drinking fountains and luggage areas are provided throughout each carriage set. ==History== The order for the N type carriages was placed in 1977 for 30 carriages (10 sets) for use on the Geelong line, with 6 cars added to the order in 1978 for the Ballarat line, due to a by-election in the city. Under the New Deal of 1981 the order was extended to 54 carriages, and then to 57 due to cost savings during construction. They were built between 1981 and 1984, based upon the structural design of the Victorian Z type carriages built between 1956 and 1960.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Level Crossing Collision V/Line Passenger Train 8042 and a Truck Near Kerang, Victoria 5 June 2007 )〕 In 2007 V/Line commenced a refurbishment program for their existing H type carriages and Sprinter railcars,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Media Release: NEW LOOK V/LINE FLEET TAKES TO THE TRACKS )〕 this program later being extended to the N type carriages. In October 2007 the first refurbished N type carriage was released into traffic with the new V/Line grey exterior livery, as well as updated interior curtains and seat fabrics. Since then various complete sets have been released from refurbishment (VN4, FN6, VN12, FN13, FN14, VN17). Work continues on the remainder of the fleet. As part of the Albury line upgrade some N carriages will be converted to standard gauge to run this service. Two sets (consisting of 5 carriages and one power/luggage van) have already been formed (SN15, SN16). Carriages for a third set (SN1) are presently undergoing refurbishment at Newport Workshops. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「N type carriage」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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